1. The brief storag
e of information (in memory) brought in through memory
2. Example: When someone is reading to you remember the begging of the sentence to remember the whole sentence.
3. Sensory memory retains what is seen or heard, it retains an exact copy. It only lasts for a few seconds, the information is not processed much at all and it does not remain in sensory memory very long.
Ionic memory: (visual) less the one second
echoic memory: (auditory) less than 4 seconds
4. The capacity of storing a small amount of information in an active readily state for a short period of time.
5. The magic number is 7 plus or minus 2; it argues that working memory can hold up to as much as 7 digits. The experiment was conducted by the cognitive psychologist, George A. Miller.
6. Chunking is a more efficient strategy to store information. In chunking people can organize objects into more familiar units. It separates a set of numbers, and help remembering.
7. The ideal size of chunks for both letters and numbers is 3. This ideal chunk size is shown by Herbert Simon.
8. Encoding allows information o be encoded for it to be recalled as short or long term memory. Visual encoding is the process of encoding images in visual sensory information. Acoustic encoding is the process of encoding information using the auditory sensory such as words and sounds. It is believed that short-term memory mostly relies on acoustic encoding for storing information.
9. The capacity (the amount of memory that may be stored) is unknown, it may be limitless. The brains ability to store information is grater then the world's best computer. The capacity of storing information is very vast the memory can even live with you forever. Duration in long-term memory is said to last for an entire lifetime. (Recent studies have shown that memory can last longer than a lifetime since it can be genetic.)
10. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory is an explanation of how memory process works. Human memory involves a sequence of three stages sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Humans feel hear and see a vast amount of things, but only a small amount is remembered.
11. a) One criticism is that Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory suggests that there is nothing between short-term memory and long-term memory. Some evidence shows that intermediate levels of activation are possible.
b) Another limitation is that the model shows that there is only on short-term memory system and long term-term memory system.
c) Another criticism is that it doesn't give too much emphasis to unconscious process.
12. Levels of Processing Model of memory suggests that the level in which we process information determines its place in long term memory and also how well we describe the information. The greater we think about information, the more likely it will be remembered longer.
13. Maintenance rehearsal is the process of rapidly vocalizing or thinking about a pice of information.
Example: Your friend tells you a cell -phone number to memorize for about 30 second in order to give it to him once he is finished with a call he is making, you use maintenance rehearsal to remember the number, this will help you retain the number for more time.
14. Elaborative rehearsal is a memory technique that involves thinking of the meaning of the term to be remembered.
Example: To remember the new guys name you think about something similar and that relates to it.
15. This was developed by Craik and Lockhart in 1972.
"Encoding (memory)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.
"Chunking (psychology)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 21 Oct. 2010.
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